Label-free detection is a technique used in biological and chemical analysis that does not require the use of fluorescent or radioactive labels to detect or quantify molecules. Instead, label-free detection methods rely on intrinsic properties of the molecules themselves, such as their size, shape, charge, or interactions with other molecules. This approach offers several advantages, including increased sensitivity, reduced sample preparation time, and the ability to monitor real-time interactions between molecules. Some common label-free detection techniques include surface plasmon resonance, quartz crystal microbalance, and interferometry.